Ganges River Flow Benefits for Bangladesh †How to Estimate It?

Ganges River Flow Benefits for Bangladesh – How to estimate it? Zaman A. M. , Haque A. K. E. , Rahman S. M. M. , Mohiuddin F. A. Abstract For economic modeling in the Ganges Basin, an estimate of the water demand in the Ganges Dependent Area (GDA) in Bangladesh is required. This paper outlines a method for estimating this water demand. The proposed method is based on the integration of hydrological and hydraulic process models with economic models. In Bangladesh, a variety of mathematical models are currently used to estimate the impacts on Bangladesh’s water resources system for different: upstream flow conditions, local hydrologic situations, Bay of Bengal circumstances, etc. The models include basin level hydrological models, 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional hydrodynamic models, morphological model, salinity model, Bay of Bengal model, etc. The first step in the proposed method it to use these models to simulate a range of hydrologic and hydraulic scenarios in the GDA in Bangladesh. The next step involves using the outputs from these physical process models as inputs to economic models that estimate the economic benefits (and costs) in the GDA. These economic models will focus on different sectors that can potentially benefit from additional freshwater flows to the region, e. g. irrigated agriculture, open-water and capture fisheries, navigation, ecosystem services (particularly the Sundarbans), dredging of river channels, water logging in polder areas, water supply, etc. For example, currently there is practically no flow into the Gorai River, a key river in the GDA, from the Ganges during the months of January to May. As a result, there is increased river salinity and sedimentation in the southwest region. Additional flows will not only allow increased agriculture production and improve water supply options but also reduce the costs of regular dredging of key rivers in the region. These estimated benefits represent economic water demands for the GDA in Bangladesh.

Impact of festivals on environment Essay

Introduction India is a land where the life of its people is beautified with festivals. Festival is acelebration of the changing seasons, harvest, reconciliation and the birth anniversaries of saints, gurus and prophets and honours the gods and goddesses. History of festivals Epigraphical evidences prove that festivals have been celebrated in India since Vedictimes. The Aryans conquered India around 1500 B.C. and cultural integration with thelocal population took place. 1. Religious Festivals A large number of festivals being celebrated in India have a religious outlook. Thesefestivals are being celebrated in commemoration of some saints, gurus and prophets, thegods and goddesses or events celebrating their victories. 2. Temple Festivals No festival in India is complete without a feast, and the Hindu temple provides feastsduring the temple festivals. The attendees spend all day at the temple, enjoyingthemselves 3. Fairs or Melas Melas or Fairs are extremely popular not just in India but all over the world. Mela servesa very important role as most of the festivals are celebrated in individual homes. Melasthat are normally celebrated for a week to over a month help to bring the communitytogether and share greetings. 4. National Festivals Independence Day, August 15, commemorates the day in 1947 when India achievedfreedom from British rule. The day is celebrated to commemorate the birth of the world`s biggest democracy as a national festival. 5. Regional Festivals India presents a cultural potpourri of number of religions with their festivals andcelebrations but the four major religions followed in India are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Sikhism in the descending order. There are a number of regionalfestivals that are celebrated in particular areas only 6. New Year Festivals Baisakhi or Vaisakhi is the first day of the month of Vaisakha, the beginning of theHindu year in some parts of the country. For the Sikhs in Punjab and other parts of thecountry, this day has a particular significance, as it was on this day in 1699 that GuruGobind Singh founded the Khalsa. Here are few festivals with their impact on environment GANESH CHATURTHI Rebirth of Lord Ganesh. Lokmanya Tilak – The Founder Of Ganesh Festival Serves as a meeting ground for people. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Contamination Of Water bodies. Noise pollution – An unfortunate outcome of this joyous festival. Soil pollution due to dumping of ‘Nirmalya’. DIWALI To celebrate return of Ram & Sita. Signifies the end of darkness . ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DIWALI Air Pollution through Firecrackers Excessive Consumerism. High Energy Consumption. HOLI The symbol of victory overevilness. To celebrate the arrival of Spring. Reflection of the various colorsof spring season. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ABOUT HOLI The use of toxic chemical colours. The use of wood for burning Holi fires. The wasteful use of water during Holi. NAG PANCHAMI Celebrates the victory of Lord Krishna over the mythical Kaliya. Worship of Snakes. To express Gratitude towards snakes. IMPACTS Hunting of snakes. Torture to snakes. Unnecessary feeding of milk. Impact of Festivals on Environment Festivals are becoming significant contributors to air pollution in India. We have so manyfestivals and increasing commercialization – a growing economy is turning everycelebration into grand occasions to splurge. Are we aware of what this is doing to our environment? Here’s a look at how all those festivities affect the air quality.Air pollution levels in big cities are appalling at the best of times and are a growingcause for concern. The Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) – dust, fumes,smoke, and gases – is way above permissible limits in many of our big cities. This levelsees a quantum jump during festivals, the main culprits being crackers, inflammablesubstances, and artificial colors. Pollution due to festivals Air Pollution due to smoke of crackers. Water Pollution due to immerging statues of God and Goddess made of artificialor synthetic harmful chemicals into rivers,ponds and dams. Noise Pollution due to loudness of music system. Water Pollution The practice of immersion of Ganesh idols after the Ganesh festival invarious cities is causing severe water pollution which leads to the death of tonnes of fishand many aquatic creatures. Gone are the days when the idols are made with clay,nowadays idols are made with Plaster Of Paris and chemical dyes. The repeated cautions and warnings of ecologists and environmental scientists towardsthe possible hazards inflicted by the Plaster Of Paris are falling into the deaf ears of theidol makers and buyers. According to scientists, Plaster Of Paris does not get dissolved or disintegrated fast. Moreover, the chemical dyes and colours being used to colour the idolscontain poisonous elements. Particularly, Red, Blue, Orange and Green colours containMercury, Zinc oxide, Chromium and Lead, the potential causes of developing cancer.According to one estimate, 7500 idols of Ganesh are  weighing about 20,000 kg or inother words, 20 tons. The sea-shore of Mumbai absorbs the immersion of about 1.5 lakhidols every year. The very calculation of the accumulation of clay, Plaster Of Paris,dangerous Chemicals from the paints and colours will shatter the thinking faculty of any brain. The immersion of Durga Statutes during the Durga pooja is also a cause of concern for environmentalists. In Orissa alone 5,000 Durga pooja idols are made, most of them using harmful paints. Heavy metals like lead and chrome are not easily assimilated in an aquatic environmentand can lead to the massive hurt of flora and fauna of the river, pond, lake and coastalareas. As the same river, pond and lake water is used for bathing and drinking purposehigh levels of lead can damage the heart, kidneys, liver, circulatory system and centralnervous system, the environmentalist warned. Impact of air pollution on health Air pollution can lead to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratorydiseases, and allergies in adults. It can also cause acute respiratory infections in children.Suspended particulate matter can cause asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseaseSulfur dioxide can damage lungs and lead to lung disorders like wheezing and shortnessof breath.Oxides of Nitrogen can cause skin problems, eye irritation, and cause respiratory problems in children.Chemicals used in crackers like lead, magnesium, cadmium, nitrate, sodium, and otherscan have various harmful effects. Noise Pollution Loudspeakers, fire crackers and loud musical instruments, appear to be one of the biggest culprits of noise pollution during festivals in our country. With the advent of urbanisation, people in the metros had to grapple with the problem of noise pollution in everyday living, and any kind of public celebration only aggravates this lurking issue. A study by World Health Organisation (WHO) asserts that noise pollution is not only a nuisance to the environment but it also poses considerable threat to public health. In residential neighbourhoods, the Supreme Court limits the noise levels to 55 decibels in the day and 45 decibels at night. The local authorities are here to maintain decorum during festivals but we as citizens should also be responsible enough to keep noise within permissible limits. Time and again  people have violated these levels during Janmashtami, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja, Navratri, Dussehra, Diwali and the list goes on. Despite being worldly-wise, we ignore the health impacts of incessant exposure to such high-decibel sounds. Besides affecting toddlers and children, they bring health issues in adults like hypertension, sleep disturbance, tinnitus and acute hearing loss. Water Pollution Ganpati celebrations shortly followed by Durga Puja this year saw immersion areas littered with flowers and parts of idols. The mess created by bursting of crackers cannot be ignored as well. The materials such as plaster of Paris used in making idols add to the water pollution. Paints used for decorating the idols, loaded with high levels of mercury and lead, increases the toxin levels of water bodies after immersion days. These toxins eventually enter the food chain after affecting the marine ecosystem and its biodiversity. The highly contaminated Ganga is now saturated with litres of paint, bulks of plaster of Paris, toxic synthetic materials and non-biodegradable wastes like plastic flowers, plunged into the holy river. Every year, in the aftermath of Ganpati celebrations, newspapers publish images of Girgaum Chowpatty and other immersion areas littered with huge parts of idols. The main culprit is, of course, the plaster of Paris (PoP) that is used to make majority of the idols. PoP takes several months to completely dissolve. Also, the paints used for colouring and decorating the idols contain high levels of mercury and lead, which adds to the pollution. The Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) has found significantly higher levels of toxins in water bodies after immersion days. These pose a great danger to the marine ecosystem and its biodiversity. These toxins also eventually enter the food chain. Air Pollution Apart from releasing toxic gases, bursting of crackers also leads to pollution of air. Diwali, every year leads to an alarming rise in the level of Respirable Suspended Particulate Material (RSPM) in the air, due to bursting of fire crackers. RSPM are minute particles and can contribute to various health issues including asthma and bronchitis. On the Ganpati  immersion days in 2012, the MPCB found an alarming rise in the level of respirable suspended particulate material (RSPM) across Mumbai and in other cities in the state. RSPM are suspended particles in the air due to bursting of fire crackers and large number of heavy vehicles plying on the roads taking idols for immersion. Since RSPM are small enough to be breathed in, they can contribute to various health issues such as asthma, bronchitis and reduced lung function. These are chronic ailments and persist long after the direct source of pollution is removed. Dry Waste Festivals also generate a humongous amount of dry waste. With firecrackers being the main ingredient to Diwali celebrations, the problem of dry waste increases by leaps and bounds due to lack of dumping space and other neglected constraints. Diwali being round the corner, local government bodies should take a meticulous approach towards guidance notes for municipal solid waste disposal. Garbage that can easily be recycled or reused also ends up in mounting landfills. And heaps of garbage including fruits, flowers, incenses and camphor coming out of puja pandals cannot be ignored either. Relentless social activism is essential to educate people to switch to eco-friendly methods of celebration. In several parts of the country, craftsmen have started using eco-friendly materials and organic paints to make idols. For instance, the idol makers in Kumartuli, the nerve centre of idol makers in Kolkata, took steps this year to check toxic waste levels by using paints devoid of lead, mercury and chromium to embellish the idols. Clay idols instead of the PoP ones are also getting their share of popularity. Spreading the message of civic sense this Diwali might help to curb or at least limit the pollution levels. We must get our social act together before blaming it on local administrators and civic amenities. Today one can easily find sustainable ways of adding to the glory of the festivals and we as ‘law abiding citizens’ should also take initiatives to cooperate with the government. If you have better ways of protecting the environment and saving our Mother Earth, you are most welcome to go ahead and spread the message. There are several ways to do so and Google will definitely come to your rescue. My Opinion about festivals of India Our country India is a very big country and every day of a year is a festival and it can becelebrated here with great joy and happiness. â€Å"India a country Where Everyday Is A Celebration.† Every festival takes an important part in the life of different peoples from differentcommunities of India. There are many festivals can be celebrated on different religiousoccasions. Indian Festivals are celebrated across the world because the Indian people areeverywhere in the world. some of them are doing jobs abroad or some of them are good big businessmen But no one can left Indian culture and festival celebrating. festivals colours our life in anew way. Every festival In India have different colors, prayers, sweets and old uniquerituals Many types of festivals are celebrated here in India like national, regional, local, religiousor seasonal festivals. In every months many festival comes and fill colors in our lives CONCLUSION We should contribute equally towards society for controlling pollution. Lets make festivals more joyful & meaningful in eco- friendly manner. Use of natural clay idols . Immersion of idols in a bucket or artificial tank of water. Deposit all the floral offerings into Nirmalaya pots. Celebrate the Ganesh Procession in traditional way. Lighting lamps the green way. â€Å"Say No to Fire crackers and Yes to life!â€Å" Light Diyas instead of electrical light. Usage of eco-friendly colors. Celebrating bonfire in unity. A Dry Holi. Use of frames & idols Careful handling of snakes. Avoidance of use of milk. Biblography http://www.yowoto.com/posts/the-impact-of-festivals-on-the-environment http://www.scribd.com/doc/160418855/Festivals-of-India-Impact-of-Festivals-on -Environment http://www.skymetweather.com/content/2013/10/lifestyle-and-culture/dangerous-relationship-of-environment-and-festivals/ http://www.slideshare.net/ketakishinde/indian-festivals-and-environment

English speaking and writing assessment the stress factors that affect teenagers

Do you remember when you were a teenager? Perhaps times have changed since then; nowadays there are about a hundred and one things that young adults have to stress about. Now you may be thinking that is another long rant by a moody teenager complaining about how unfair their life is, however it's not, this is such telling you the realities of what teenagers go through. One of the main issues is stereotyping, we cannot seem to go anywhere without at least one person stereotyping what our life and personality is like. Only 30% of typical stereotypes made on adolescents, such as drug abusing, shallow, rude or violent behaviour, are actually true. Whilst you might believe your teenage years were the golden years in your life, this is not the case for this generation's young adults, however many parents are oblivious to their teenage child's worries, insecurities and problems. Now imagine you're a fifteen year old girl, when you wake up in the morning you need to spend at least half an hour in front of the mirror, maybe even more on bad days, in front of the mirror. But you just cannot get your hair to be straight enough or for your stomach to look smaller. Once you arrive at school you have to face classmates â€Å"subtly† bitching about you like you do not even exist. It makes you feel even worse about yourself as you do not know what you have done wrong or how to make people like you. When lessons start and as per usual your teachers are comparing you to students in older years, pressurising you to do well in the tests and repeatedly reminding you that your GCSEs are drawing nearer. You just cannot escape this academic pressure set on you. They say that you should just do your best, however what if you're best is not good enough? What if your best does not make your parents proud of you? You hear your classmates telling each other how drunk they got at the weekend; you're wondering whether you're the only one who does not get invited to these parties and gets drunk with the rest of your class or the only one who has not gone far with a boy. This makes you hate yourself more and wish you could be anyone else, but you. Lunchtime arrives, and it's the same old dilemma in the canteen: sandwich or pizza? Cake or salad? How healthy is it? How much fat is there in it? How many calories does it contain? You're afraid to indulge, in case you gain weight, get called the class pig and become even more of a social reject. Then you get home, time to face your rude, obnoxious parents who try to understand what is going on in your mind, you want to scream at them everything that is worrying you and ask them for help but you know that they will not understand and will just be even more ashamed of you. They blame how you act towards them to hormones and bad attitude, when really it's down to them; their constant comparing, shouting and criticising. This is just a minute part of a teenage girl's life; now imagine you have to go through this every single day. The real difficult thing to grasp is however, is that issues much older people go through seem to be happening to younger and younger people. So just think before you judge or stereotype a teenager you see, think about what they could be going through and if you were in their shoes how you would be feeling.

Latin America's Economic Progress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Latin America's Economic Progress - Essay Example There is a persistent problem of political instability in the region. Since the independence of Latin America, the political environment has not been stable enough to facilitate economic development. Dictatorship of military officials has long controlled the region and this was one of the constraints in the way of economic stability. The economic factors such as rate of inflation, rate of economic growth and income distribution, all pointed towards a deteriorating economic condition. Numerous economic reforms have been taken by the government but they have not been applied properly due to the prevailing political instability. According to a study conducted by Luisa Blanco and Robin Grier within the period between 1971 and 2000, in 18 Latin American countries there were 451 political assassinations, 217 riots, and 113 crises that threatened to destabilize the sitting government (Blanco & Grier, 1). Apart from Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuella, all the other countries in the region w itnessed severe political instability. Regional Disparities The independence of the region widened the regional disparities and this is also one of the reasons behind lack of economic growth in the region. ... Resistance to Change One of the reasons behind the failure of economic reforms is the prevailing resistance to change in the region. Any kind of change is considered to be hostile by the population of the region therefore it is not accepted completely. In order to facilitate economic growth, there are a number of factors that need to be changed in the region but due to the prevailing resistance to change in the region any modification in the economic policies or any introduction of reforms is not implemented properly. The development of strategy is done but the implementation phase is the real problem in the region. The restraining forces overpower the driving forces therefore the economic reforms are not implemented and the economic growth remains at a disappointing pace. Lack of Industrial Development It has been said that the Latin American region is rich in natural resources but still the region has been unable to reach the heights of economic development it should have reached b y now. The natural resources held by the region are benefiting the developed countries more rather than the Latin American region itself. This is due to the lack of industrial development in the region (Llosa, 17). In the absence of industries to process the raw natural resources, the region has been unable to produce finished goods. Instead, the Latin American region exports the natural resources it possesses to other developed countries at low prices and the revenue generated by such exports is not commendable. If the region had its own production facilities that put the locally produced natural resources to use, the economic condition of the region would have been different. With domestically produced affordable raw material, the industries would not only

Psychology- Counseling - Dying to be thin Essay

Psychology- Counseling - Dying to be thin - Essay Example The consequences of the disease can be seen in most aspects of the physical body, including the potential for death. The starvation, which is part of the restrictive eating that progressively lowers the body weight, can create a situation within the body from which recovery is no longer possible, the victim wasting away into death. The treatment for this disorder includes creating acceptance in order to combat the denial and health considerations that include gaining weight under the care of a doctor. The issues that bring on this disease can include traumas that include circumstances that are beyond the control of a child, thus creating the need for that child to find a way to control something in their life. The ability to control the intake of food becomes one way to assert his or her ability to have control. Another driving factor in the development of body distortion issues is the high level of media objectification of women and the way in which they are defined through standard s that few women can attain. This social pressure combines with the ideas of perfection and control in order to create the psychological stew in which the disease is formed. In addition, social networks on the internet are now providing forums through which community can be found for those who are still deluded and believe that it is a lifestyle. As well as community, dangerous tips are given about how to combat the recognition of parents and doctors of the existence of the disease within those who are suffering under it’s delusions. Defining Anorexia Nervosa The disease of anorexia nervosa is defined by a internalized belief that the body is not thin enough. The psychology of the victim is framed by a warped sense of their own image, a belief that their body is carrying too much weight and by controlling how much weight they carry, they will be controlling an aspect of their emotional life that is outside of their control. It is the internalized belief that through starvatio n or binging, they have grasped hold of something within their experience that has remained illusive. However, the disease is an obsession and has nothing to do with having true control over one’s life. The disease will then take control, leaving all other aspects of life outside of the concerns of food intact, exercise, and the movement of the scale as it moves lower and lower. Anorexia is defined by changes in eating behaviors as they become compulsive, obsessive, and attached to perceptions of body image. The division between what is a change in diet and what is a slip into anorexic behavior is a blurred line that happens at different points for different people. The most difficult problem in identifying anorexia is that the perception of the body has become greatly distorted throughout society through the objectification of an unreasonable weight ratio through media representation. According to Lucas (2004) it is common in studies of college age women to find that half wi ll display abnormal attitudes and distorted perceptions of their bodies. This, despite its close identification with anorexic tendencies, represents a social problem as it invades the population rather than a spike in the occurrence of the disease (p. 20). In order for a diagnosis to be made, physiological and

Various Key Competencies of The Crocs Inc Shoe Company Case Study

Various Key Competencies of The Crocs Inc Shoe Company - Case Study Example Crocs Inc can employ this strategy through making shoes from foam clogs (a croslite material) manufactured by a Canadian company (Snyder, 2011). This material is a mixture of inexpensive ingredients from many suppliers. This material is very easy to wash with water and it does not slip on wet boat decks. It prevents bad odor because of the presence of large ventilation holes. The foam is closely celled in shape of the wearer’s foot to provide maximum comfort. These new designs of shoes may be sold to sailors from a leased warehouse. They can also have a brand name â€Å"clogs†, which can capture the attention of many sailors. Synder (2011) postulates that the company may also hire experienced consultants in combination with their own representatives and distributors who will be experienced in sales and marketing to manage its sales and control costs. A supply chain that provides a competitive advantage can also be developed by Crocs Inc managers. Through this supply chain, retailers can place bulk orders to be supplied during the selling season. These orders can be quickly manufactured and shipped to new retail stores. This will no doubt offer a competitive advantage over other manufacturers. Crocs Inc may also expand through acquiring ideas from executives, Flextronics, and built infrastructure. The shoe company can also launch their sales worldwide to increase profits. It can also be helpful in getting a brand name that would stand out in the competing market in Europe (Snyder, 2011). Funky looking shoes would then be introduced in the market. The company should buy most of the competitors’ stakes so as to take control of the market. The company should also consider increasing more shoe companies. This can be done by opening more branches in different territories around the world. These new companies will add more ideas to the business and increase the rate of growth.

International and Pacific Asian Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International and Pacific Asian Business - Essay Example New Trade Theories The new trade theories address the area of competitive strategy in various ways, usually (but not always) relating to globalisation. Sloman (2005 p.307) identifies the following as reasons for organisations to expand beyond their home nation: access to new markets, new customers, new supply sources and new ideas and skills. They also have to deal with competition within their home nation from overseas organisations who can produce goods at a lower cost or with some innovative function or features. One of the main reasons organisations go overseas is to reduce their overall costs. Sloman (2005 pp.310-311) identifies the following as areas within which costs can be reduced by setting up operations overseas: Resource costs, including labour Skills held by workers, including entrepreneurial and management skills Cost reductions as a result of the learning curve Economies of scale Transport costs Government policies. Many of these areas are addressed by new trade theori es. Economies of Scale Economies of scale result from increasing production capacity to reduce the overall costs of production. Lynch (2009 p.801) defines them as â€Å"the extra cost savings that occur when higher-volume production allows unit costs to be reduced†. ... The presence of economies of scale can prevent new competitors entering the market if they involve large-scale production facilities or very specialised facilities requiring significant capital investment to replicate. Demand-Led Growth Setterfield (2003, p.25) identifies a counterpoint to the focus on supply-side driven growth in the form of demand-led growth. He outlines two effects on growth rates stemming from the demand-side of the growth equation: the potential for demand failures in the long run, and the impact of demand conditions on productive resources over time. The theory states that â€Å"there is no supply-determined equilibrium† (ibid) for output levels. Instead output levels are determined by relatively autonomous demand conditions coupled with supply-side conditions. Setterfield (2005, p.26) says that â€Å"the sequence of short-run outcomes associated with the demand-determined utilisation of productive resources traces out the economy’s long-run grow th path† and does not automatically to the output path of the economy. He further points out that â€Å"the potential growth rate of the economy depends on the growth of physical capacity, labour resources and factor productivity† but that â€Å"each of these is affected by the demand-determined actual rate of growth† (ibid). In short, demand-led growth requires attention to be paid to the demand side of the supply = demand equation. The Product Life-Cycle Every product has a life-cycle, starting with growth and ending with decline and obsolescence: Figure 1: The stages in a product’s life cycle (Source: Sloman, 2005, p.313) When considering the global situation, launch would normally take place in the country

Strategic Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Hospitality Management - Essay Example Planning, leading, directing, supervising and regulating of activities related to the strategy are essential parts of strategic management process. Planning is the most important phenomenon in strategic management that maintains the foremost significance in respect of presenting the outline of the strategy. Hence, selection of corporate scheme, establishment of goals and objectives, identification of strategic options, planning and allocation of resources, organizational structure and design, managing structure change, and in-depth analyses of corporate environment are included in strategic management process. Both external and internal analyses play imperative part in strategic management process. Internal influences include strengths and weakness of a firm, while external influences include opportunities a corporate firm enjoys as well as the threats and challenges it undergoes from its competitors during the exercise of its strategic scheme. Every organization, whether large or small, or local or international, devises strategy keeping in view the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. For instance, the unabated popularity, wide range of consumers, universality and unique brand serve as the strength of the Coca-Cola Company (TCCC). Similarly, Red Hat’s work force, innovative ideas and extraordinary technical skills include among its strengths. On the other hand, health damages, high price and banishment of tobacco consumption include the weaknesses of international brand Marlboro. In the same way, fulfillment of the demands of wide range of consumer in all parts of th e world along with unique products, swift changes according to the latest challenges and production of new technological equipments are the opportunities before world famous brand Microsoft Corporation. In addition, ban of the products of Danish commodities in Muslim countries are the threats faced by the north European countries while entering the global markets. It is therefore

Principles and practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles and practice - Assignment Example Thus trends in external environment can have a major on consumer choice and preferences and therefore, it is important for marketers to be aware of such trends. Underlying trends are relatively slow moving changes in the marketplace that may occur for a number of reasons. A successful marketers needs to keep track of these changes and respond accordingly. The nature of the trends is likely to differ; sometimes they are consumer led and sometimes business led. However, businesses must realize that in order to gain a competitive edge and better satisfy the customers, these trends are needed to be taken into account. Macro factors are those that have an indirect impact on the business, also known as PESTEL. It includes factors that create opportunities and threats to business and is categorized as the far environment. These include variables such as political, environmental, socio-cultural, technological, economic and legal. With respect to marketers of cosmetics products, these factors play a crucial role and can have a significant impact on the industry structure. Political factors consist of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit various organization action plans. For instance, legislation affecting cosmetics business has increased worldwide. Also, various laws exist that protects companies, consumers and interest of the society at large. And most importantly there is an increased emphasis from government, on socially responsible behavior. Concerning political factors from cosmetic industry’s point of view, unstable political conditions of the relevant regions can be troublesome for the business with respect to imports and exports. Moreover, an increase or decrease in tax rates can also impact the profitability of the business favorably or unfavorably. Environmental factors mainly include the surroundings, weather and climate change. With major climate change occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental a wareness, this external is becoming a significant issue to consider. It is particularly important to cosmetic firms as the industry involves many input material that may bring damage to the environment. Also products are susceptible to climate changes, and thus need thorough analysis. Concerning environmental factors, firm can create value and better satisfy customers by adopting environmental friendly approach. This would help firm avoid legal costs and increase its goodwill. Moreover, use of natural ingredients, preferred by the consumers also adds value. Change in social trends can impact the demand for a firm’s products. Aging population, income groups, lifestyle and social class highly affect cosmetic demand. Thus, social factors affect the customer needs and size of potential market. With changing fashion trends, increased awareness and better life styles, demand for cosmetics is likely to increase. For instance, an increased awareness amongst men may lead to an altoget her new cosmetic line. Similarly, aging population is likely to increase demand for anti-aging cosmetics. New technology creates new products and process. It tends to impact both the business process and the final offering. With the advent of internet for instance, the distribution channels have become virtual with cost efficiencies for cosmetic industry. Other innovations include bar coding and computer aided design that enables companies to keep track of its customer preference and offer innovative designs, respectively. Technology, thus can

Advanced Management Accounting - Total Quality Management (TQM) Assignment

Advanced Management Accounting - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Assignment Example tion dynamics, provide an insight into the advantages that can be enacted through its integration, the possible drawbacks of T.Q.M and the considerations that need to be taken into account in case of its implementation, and finally, providing recommendations about its application with context to Spearhead Ltd. Reduced profits and shrinking in the network has brought about realization towards implementing quality system. T.Q.M being the front runner amongst quality systems has been suggested for implementation. T.Q.M is acronym for Total Quality management. As the name would imply, it pertains to quality management. Further dissection of the meaning would provide an insight into the nature and domain of operational capacity it entails. It refers to integrating quality mechanism in the every discipline and every domain of the organizational structure (MUKHERJEE, 2006, p. 393). Since Spearhead Ltd is faced with financial sink age, the addressing of different areas is required. T.Q.M would enable this. The low productivity in the financial sector impacts the clients’ satisfaction as well as the overall mood of the organization. Citing this, T.Q.M will enable undertaking a strategy that would enable overcoming the financial constraints. The domains of T.Q.M are not just limited to particular processes; rather it takes into account the working methods of the employees. The behaviour of the employees towards goals accomplishment along with the aptitude towards accomplishment of the goals and targets set forth. The focus of attention is the activities and the items used within as well. The use of the right of tools and techniques towards the accomplishment of tasks also entails the domain and consideration within a T.Q.M integrated system. Spearhead Ltd must look into the areas where wastes are high in percentage .The wastes are defined as those items, products and activities that do not add any value to the organizational activity or overall output. They in turn

Emergency department bottleneck proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency department bottleneck proposal - Essay Example The causes of the problem are two fold. The first is that the inflow of patients into the ED is not evenly spaced throughout the day and occurs as a rush during fours in the late evening and night. No plan can be created for changing the pattern of inflow of patients into the ED, as they occur as naturally. The second is that during the peak flow of patients into the ED, the services that are required to provide support for the ED in the provision of timely and quality care are functioning at their minimal ability, since they are in the after-hours mode. This is the cause that the sigma team to address in overcoming the problem. Practical barriers to receiving quality care in an ED is dependent on two key factors of access to service at the ED and the availability of the services required support services either in the ED or immediately accessible (Rust et al, 2008). Overcoming these barriers to quality service calls for consideration of the types of patients and the emergencies and the resources at the ED (Frush, 2007). The essential problem in quality care in an ED is the mismatch in the demand and supply of resources at the ED. From the perspective of the patient seamless provision of care from the time of arrival at the ED is the quality of service expected. The first step is this direction is preventing diversion of ambulances to the ED, which will reduce the overcrowding at the ED (Stokowski, 2007). The next step consists in organizing the ED into three separate areas to attend to areas to attend to medical problems, surgical problems and Urgent care area for triaging of patients. Staffing of the ED is the next issue. Since the ED peaks between 6.00 pm and 10.00 pm specialist services in the required different branches of medicine will be available. In addition the number of interns or residents at the ED will peak during this period of

Scientific Management Essay Example for Free

Scientific Management Essay Representatives of capital supporter scientific management. It proposes to increase industrial output by managing labour scientifically. But organized labour does not want to be scientifically managed. It is not keen about being managed at all. It exists, in fact, to manage itself. Labour controversies, as carried on by the American Federation of Labour, are demands for a voice in the settlement of conditions of work. But this demand is not recognized by capital as a principle. It is only recognized as a necessity when labour, through superior strength, secures its demands in this trade and that. The concession to labour of a voice in determining conditions of work means by implication to capital that management as a whole is still in its own hands; it also means that its actual title to superior, or ownership rights, is not in question. The Industrial Workers of the World leaves no doubt in the mind of capital that it claims only a voice in the management of industry. It makes its fight on the grounds of labours sole ownership, as well as right, to sole management in all that labour produces. Every strike, every difference between organized labour and capital, is an attempt of the former to wrest management, or some degree of management, from the latter. Whether it is an A. F. of L. or an I. W. W. fights, there is in each and every one this issue of management. The question of management is, in fact, the labour movement. If production is to be scientifically managed, organized labour insists that it shall have a hand in the management, or it shall do the managing. It refuses to grow enthusiastic over propositions, which are worked out for it, or without its cooperation, by others who claim to know better than labour knows what is for its good. It was with something like pained surprise that the advocates of scientific management discovered that their propositions to manage labour more efficiently, and to lighten its burdens, met a cold reception at the hands of the conservative, as well as the radical, labour unions. It is conceivable that the efficiency systems of scientific management might admit the labour unions in conference in the settlement of conditions; but it is evident that nothing is further from the intention of the promoters of the science, and that such a proposition would quite seriously impair its purpose. Mr. Frederick W. Taylor, the leader of the movement, states: The greater advantage comes from the new and unheard-of burdens which are assumed by the men in the management, duties which have never been performed by the men or the management side.(1) These new duties Mr. Taylor divides into four large classes, calling them The Four Principles of Scientific Management, all of which, he says, are necessary to secure its object, which is the increased output per unit of human effort. The first of these four great duties (as he also names them), which are undertaken by the management, is to deliberately gather in all the rule of thumb knowledge, which is possessed, by all the twenty different kinds of tradesmen who are at work in the establishment. Knowledge, which has never been recorded, is in the heads, hands and bodies, in the knack, skill and dexterity, which these men possess. The second of the new duties assumed by the management is the scientific selection and then the progressive development of the workmen. The workmen are studied; it may seem preposterous, but they are studied just as machines have been studied. The third duty is to bring the scientifically selected workmen and the science together. They must be brought together; they will not come together without it. I do not wish for an instant to have any one think I have a poor opinion of a workman; far from it. I merely state a fact when I say that you may put your scientific methods before a workman all you are a mind to, and nine times out of ten he will do the same old way when I say, make the workman do his work in accordance with the laws of science I do not say make in an arbitrary sense I want to qualify the word make, it has rather a hard sound. Some one must inspire the man to make the change. The fourth principle is a deliberate division of the work, which was formerly done by the workman into two sections, one of which is handed over to the management. An immense mass of new duties is thrown on the management, which formerly belonged to the workmen requiring cooperation between the management and the workmen, which accounts more than anything else for the fact that there has never been a strike under scientific management. In one of our machine shops, for instance, where we do miscellaneous work there will be at least one man on the management side for every three workmen.(2) Each one of these scientific propositions is perfectly familiar to the workman in spite of the rather naive assurance of the efficiency engineers that they are new. He has known them in slightly different guise for a century past. The new thing is the proposition to develop what has been in the past the tricks of the trade into a principle of production. Scientific management logically follows and completes the factory process. The first and fourth of Mr. Taylors great duties or principles is to deliberately gather in all the rule of thumb knowledge of all workmen, and transfer this knowledge to the management. That is exactly what machinery did and is still doing to craft workers. It usurped the knowledge of the worker and transferred that knowledge to the management. The great discovery of scientific management is that machinery is not absorbing completely, or as completely as it should, a workmans trade knowledge. Mr. Taylor says: This knowledge is the greatest asset that a workman possesses. It is his capital.(3) The task, which efficiency engineers have set, themselves is to gather up the last vestiges of capital possessed by the workingman, and place it for safe keeping and efficiency under The Management. There is an impression that all efficiency methods originate in the brains of efficiency engineers, or with the management. Mr. Taylor is not alone in assuring us that the methods are discovered in the heads and in the hands of the workers, that they are the result of the workers experience in very great degree. A manufacturer as an illustration told the following story: A shoe manufacturer told one girl that he wanted to see how much she could do. She said: Well, there is a certain kind of a filler that I used in another factory. If you will use that kind of filler I can do my work so much more quickly. Another thing, the paper you are using on that tip is too coarse. If you will use a finer paper I wont have to use so much filler. The story concluded: So that girl and this manufacturer worked out a condition that made it easier for her to perform more work.(4) Scientific management is a good scavenger. It is out for every scrap of trade knowledge. Following the machine, it proposes to clean up the last vestige of craftsmanship and to put the shipshape touches to modern industry. There are to be no chance bits of capital lying around loose in the hands of this man and that when the efficiency engineers have finished their job. The second and third of the Four Principles show how this is done. Mr. Taylor says: The workmen are studied just as machines have been studied. And, finally, it is necessary to bring the scientifically selected workman and the science together by inspiring the workman. The workman is to be scientifically selected by a teacher instead of by a foreman; he is to be studied by this teacher, as well as taught, and the unit of human effort is to be squeezed out of him by observing the law of rest and fatigue. He is to be inspired by the same old bonus of the same old task system in which he has served his time. But the bonus or rate, according to efficiency engineers, is never to be cut, as employers who speeded up their workers have cut it in the past. If the old-time employer ever made so gentlemanly a promise regarding the continuous payment of a bonus, he knew he could not keep it. He knew that even out of the goodness of his heart he could not indefinitely continue a bonus or a rate, which his competitors did not pay. But apparently scientific management requires of industry certain ethical standards. Mr. Taylor says that scientific management involves a complete revolution, both on the part of the management and of the men; a complete change in the mental attitude on both sides. Labour would agree with Mr. Taylor, and add that it would require as well a mental revolution in Wall Street. Apparently this is what the New Capitalism, of which scientific management is a part, does require. New Capitalism proposes to disregard the law of wages, and to substitute a beneficent law, which pays better wages, also better profits. But the results have not as yet justified the workers in surrendering their own agencies for self-protection. As yet labour is unconscious of any sloughing off in hardships under the law of supply and demand. It is not conscious that the introduction of methods, which have, for their object the increased output of human effort has had any appreciable connection with wages or wage rates. Union men cite numberless cases where efficiency methods have been introduced, like the task and bonus systems, the stop watch, the observation of the laws of rest and fatigue, and yet wage rates were not increased, but were, in the course of time, reduced. The efficiency engineer answers: Ah, then that is not scientific management! But he will state in conventions to other efficiency engineers that he has great trouble in getting the management to carry out the end of their program, which will insure the worker, the receipt of his bonus. An efficiency promoter observed on one of these occasions: I have had so many letters from people who look on scientific management as a new instrument by which they could squeeze a little more out of the workman and give him no return. I do not want to have anything to do with them. We must share what we get.(5) Organized labour appreciates the wish, but recognizes the difficulty for an efficiency engineer to be an engineer and a financier in action at one and the same time. It is not the efficiency engineer who can fulfil his own promise. He must leave it to the capitalists to share what they get of the new capital which the engineer has collected out of the hands or brains of the workers. In scientifically managed plants there is no change whatever in the status of capital and labour, except the extended enslavement of the latter. Efficiency engineers might successfully promote scientific management by advertising their hope that the management will share what it gets if the factory system had been a less efficient teacher. But the factory system has taught the workers by a series of object lessons. Labour unions represent those workers who have learned that they must rely on schemes for relief, which they themselves initiate, or control. The rest and fatigue schemes of scientific management are especially worthy of suspicion. These schemes propose to finish the job of reducing the labour to a machine attachment, to rob him of what little initiative may be left him in a certain freedom of motion. Mr. Taylor defines his idea of initiative. He says: The manufacturer who has any intelligence must realize that his first duty should be to obtain the initiative of all these tradesmen who are working under him; to obtain their hard work, their good will, their ingenuity, their determination to treat the employers business as if it were their own. And in this connection I wish to strain the meaning of the word initiative to indicate all of these good qualities.(6) All propositions to increase wealth make an appeal to imagination. No one, certainly not organized labour, doubts the ability of American capitalists to discover new schemes neither for increasing the output, nor of the American workman to produce it. It has been reported that the labour cost of production in England, with its lower wage rates, is higher than the cost in America, because the American workmen, through the pressure of management, yield an amount per worker unknown to English labour. Scientific management proposes to increase this yield by several hundred percent. Workers looking back a generation or two may admit that with the introduction of machine processes they have here and there reaped a harvest of several cotton shirts instead of one woollen, a standing lamp instead of the ancestral candlestick, and, as clear gain, a Victor talking machine. But no one is ever jubilant over luxuries, which they have bought with their lives. It is organized labour alone that remembers the ghastly price paid for increased consumption; the generations of men, women, and children who have been maimed and murdered in the process. Greed and desire, not the well being of labour, are still the motive forces back of increased wealth production. If we are about to enter upon an era of a New Capitalism which recognizes that it will pay to increase the number of cotton shirts without exacting so heavy a toll as has been exacted in the past, organized labour still demands that it shall determine, or have a voice in determining, what that toll shall be and what shall be the reward. Scientific management, the promoters say, recognizes no difference in determining standards of efficiency between management, capital goods and labour. Well and good; labour does. Organized labours observations of a worker do not end with the days work. They extend over the wear and tear of a lifetime. They take into consideration a workers ability to react after work, mentally as well as physically. They take into consideration the workers ability to realize his maximum in his non-labouring hours. And they would also consider his ability to realize his maximum in his labouring hours if labour had an opportunity to fix a maximum consistent with the life interests of labour as a whole. The difference between scientific management and organized labour is that the aim of the latter is to make men, the aim of the former is to make goods.

The Rivalry Between India And Pakistan History Essay

The Rivalry Between India And Pakistan History Essay If there were only two men in the world, how would they get on. They would help one another, harm one another, flatter one another, slander one another, fight one another, make it up; they could neither live together nor do without one another. Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary, 1764. INTRODUCTION 1. The South Asian region, which includes states of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka has long been significant in world affairs. It is a region of great racial diversity with innumerable cultures, languages, and religions. No other region in the world possesses such unique distinctions and characteristics. India has common boundary with all other six states of this region, but no other country has a common boundary with each other. So India is assumed as the core of the South Asian system. This geo-strategic reason has made India a regional power. 2. Throughout history, South Asia has faced many wars. In the 8th and 12th century, Arab and Turkish Muslims took over the control of this region from Hindus fighting many wars. Religion and expansion of territory were the main causes of those wars. Then came the Mugals in the 15th century and fought innumerable wars for establishing control and expanding their territory. In the 17th century the British came and gradually took over the region through numerous wars in establishing their colonies. Though Nepal was the only the nation that the British Empire failed to colonise. Then the people of this sub-continent started their movements for independence against British Imperialism inspired by nationalism. Ultimately the British had to leave the region in 1947. 4. After India becoming independent, this region also faced different conventional and unconventional wars. There were four conventional wars fought in this region: between India and Pakistan in 1948, 1965 and in 1971 and between India and China in 1962. There were many unconventional wars in this region: Sikh, Naga, and Mizo problems in India, Baluch and Sindh problems in Pakistan, Chakma insurgency in Bangladesh, Tamil insurgency in Sri Lanka, and Maoist insurgency in Nepal; etc. Interestingly, India is assumed as one party of this conflict within this region directly or indirectly. 5. South Asia, the most poorest region of the old utilising their budget mostly in other sector like defense and solving conflicts instead of in the development sector. In the case of Nepal, she is also using a good amount of budget in the peace process and conflict management. CAUSES OF WARS IN SOUTH ASIA 6. Study of the conflicts in South Asia shows that the numbers of conventional wars are less in number and in severity than the unconventional wars. There were multifarious causes of wars in South Asia. No single cause was directly responsible for any war or conflict in this region. The causes of wars in South Asia in general are discussed in the following paragraphs. Consequence of the Cold War 7. Since independence of the countries of this region, it has been an arena of clashing interests and economic, political and diplomatic competitions of the major powers. But those powers did not engage themselves in direct large-scale military confrontation. For all the countries of South Asia, large and small, relations with the United States, the former Soviet Union, and China are extensive and of great significance. 8. In 1947 India established good relation with USSR. In 1949 Pakistan also established good relation with Soviet Union as a result of Indias relation with USA. A Cold war was introduced in this region when Pakistan joined South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) in September 1954 and the Baghdad Pact in September 1955. India and Pakistan both took the chance of strained relations between the two super powers due to the cold war. In this context the USA supported Pakistan and the USSR supported India. India and Pakistan both received Military aid worth of billions of dollars from these two super powers. Pakistan also established good relation with China to counter India and was supported substantially. 9. It can easily be deduced that in addition to heavy economic assistance, vast quantities of military supplies flowed into the sub-continent, which led to the endless arms race between India and Pakistan since independence. Nuclear tests by both the countries in 1998 were a clear example of the severity of the arms race between these two countries. Also both of them were competing as a nuclear country that they made nuclear tests one after another. The arms race between India and Pakistan and the role played by the major powers due to the cold war situation were responsible in leading to the Indo-Pakistani wars (in 1965 and 1971). These were also responsible for the border war between India and China in 1962. India Factor 10. Geo-strategically India has a greater advantage than other states of this region. This region is Indo centric, which is unique in the world system. Geographically, economically and population wise India is largest country in this region. India occupies 72% of the area of this region and bears 77% of its population. She also generates 78% of the gross national product of this region. So India is known as the regional super power for South Asia. Its assumed that India was the one of the participants of all conventional and unconventional wars fought in this region directly or indirectly. 11. India is in advantageous position to intervene in the internal affairs of other countries of this region. Study of insurgencies and communal violence in this region also proves that it is India, who directly or indirectly helped the militants. Involvement of India can be clearly understood in the Tamil crisis in Sri Lanka, the Chakma crisis in Bangladesh, the Nepalese exiles; etc. 12. India as a regional power always wanted to dominate the region. She also wants to limit the influence of outside power, upon her neighbours, as she takes into account her neighbours as an integral part of her security. India was always sensitive about the presence of extra-regional power in South Asian politics. Rise of Sub-State Nationalism 13. The South Asian region is one of the most populous areas in the world. There are numerous communities in this area who are from different religions, tribes, and speak in different languages. Since the primitive days there were conflicts between the communities. In a multi-racial and multi-cultural society when a particular group of people establishes domination over power and hampers equal distribution of resources and other amenities, trouble starts within a country. Indians fought their British rulers as one entity, but once near the freedom they were split and become two countries as Pakistan (Muslim majority) and India (Hindu majority). Lately in 1971 West Pakistan also separated as Bangladesh (Bengali majority). Most countries within this region were/are facing internal conflict; e.g. Maoist problem of India in some states, Tamil problem of Sri Lanka, Maoist and Terai problem in Nepal. 14. In present context the Janajati leaders of Nepal are uniting for a caste system state. Madhesi parties are uniting for Terai demanding one Madhesi state. Far western people say that they need a undividable far eastern state and some demand Tharuhat, Limbuwan, Tansaling, Tamuwan, Newa State; etc. This shows the rise of sub-state nationalism. Not only Nepal, but most of the South Asian countries are facing this sort of problem; e.g. Gorkhaland state fighters at Paschim Bengal India. Neo-Colonialism 15. Nowadays the concept of domination by capturing the land physically is almost over. Today powerful states try to exert their influence on less powerful states by neo-colonizing them; i.e. by controlling them economically as well as politically. Market domination is one of the major measures for neo-colonizing other states in this age. India always wanted South Asia as her secured market for industrial as well primary products. She is almost successful in achieving her purpose, only Pakistan is in a challenging position. Rivalry between India and Pakistan 15. South Asian conflicts revolved basically around the traditional and endless conflicts and rivalry between India and Pakistan and their respective relationship with other states of the region. The roots of the conflict are complex and can be traced back to the demand for a separate homeland for the Indian Muslims. The organizing principles of the two states are different; one based on religion and the other on secularism. This has affected their internal politics. They also have disputes over territories, have mutual suspicions and distrust. At present a situation of low intensity conflict is prevailing between India and Pakistan on the Kashmir issue. But it is not expected to achieve anything bilaterally due to the nature and state of relations between the two; also the stalemate over Kashmir is likely to continue for an indefinite period. 16. The nuclear tests by both the countries in 1998 have further complicated the situation. The conflict between India and Pakistan is too emotional. They are also lacking sophisticated command and control system for nuclear weapons. All these might spark an accidental nuclear war between these two countries, which may have spill over effect on all other countries of the region. Poverty of South Asia 17. This region is the most poorest in the world. Every Nation bearing this problem because of bad governance, internal conflicts, corruption; etc. Per capita income of all nations is low and GDP is also low. Because of poverty, living standards of the majority of the people within this region is horrible. Some of the internal conflicts of the region are just because of poverty; e.g. insurgency in Nepal, Maoist problem in some states of India; etc. Conclusion 18. Causes of wars varied with the changes of world systems in different ages. In the primitive days people used to fight wars for very simple causes. But with the technological and social advancement these causes have become complex and multi-dimensional. Today the contemporary schools of war divide the causes into two groups. Sometimes the State itself becomes the cause of war. Nationalism also considered as a major cause of war. Role of special interest groups in a state cannot be ruled out both in developed and under-developed countries. 19. The South Asia region has long been significant in the world affairs. Throughout the history this region was the focal point of the western interest, which caused many wars. These ranged from minor irritants and non-violent disputes to full-scale wars since the World War II. So far four conventional wars were fought in this region of which three were between India and Pakistan. 20. Poverty within South Asia is one of the most challenging problems in the region. Boarder disputes, rivalry between India and Pakistan, sub-state nationalism are also the problems for this region which may cause wars. Solving this problem requires good leadership in each nation, regional cohesiveness and far sight vision of regional leaders is necessary.

International valuation method

International valuation method The objective of this research study is to development the best international valuation method for the valuation of hotel properties in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The target population is 50 respondents who coming from different valuation firm in the area of Kuala Lumpur. Among these respondents, there are 35 registered valuers and 15 property consultants are selected by convenience sampling technique. 70% of the respondents are registered valuers because their knowledge and skill of valuation are needed to achieve the goals in this research study. However, there are 30% of respondents are property consultants because they have different view points from registered valuers. Property consultants always keep abreast with the knowledge of new developments in property market. The Influence on Hotel Development from Tourism Industry: There are 68% of the respondents believe that the hotel industry will grows in parallel with the trend in tourism industry while 32% of the respondents disagree. The growth of tourism industry for the past few years. The future of tourism industry is predicted to grow in small trend. With the effort of government in order to encourage the growth of tourism industry, the number of tourism coming to Malaysia will increase and they will be staying for a longer period. In 30% of the respondents who are property consultants, the majority of property consultants which contribute 16% of property consultants agree with the statement while 14% of them disagree. Property consultants disagree because the hotel industry is just a portion of the property market which being encouraged by tourism industry in Malaysia. The Attraction of Hotel Industry in Malaysia: The secondary data in chapter 3 shows that the amount of tourists arrives in Malaysia is proportion to the equivalence amount of income received. Tourism ministry has aimed to generate more income through encouraging tourists stay longer and spend more in Malaysia. The hotels supply is hard to support the increasing amount of tourists. Thus, this gives a higher investment potential on hotel industry in property market. In the second question in questionnaire, there are 60% of respondents in the opinion that the potential of hotel industry is attracting investors. Property consultants and registered valuers believe that investors will undertake the opportunity to propose hotel development because the demand of hotel properties in Malaysia is high. However, there are 40% of respondents disagree with the statement. They believe that the investment potential in hotel industry encouraged by tourism industry is low because the hotel industry is just a small portion in property market. Thus, tourism industry has planned several programs to encourage investors to pay close attention to hotel industry. The Predicted Demand of International Valuation Standard for Hotel Properties in Malaysia: The third question shows the willingness to apply World Hotel Rating System is high. World hotel rating can gives standardize rating rate for the hotel properties. Thus, there are 82% of the respondents agree for the adoption of international valuation standard in the valuation of hotel properties is favored by investor in the forth question. The Comparison between International Valuation Methods and Malaysia Valuation Methods: Sales Comparison Approach and Comparison Method: There are 84% of respondents shown that sales comparison approach can replaces comparison method. The comparison between these two methods. The valuation process of these two valuation methods are the same. The market value of subject property determined by these methods is the adjusted transacted value from comparison between the subject property and similar comparable properties. However, the valuation techniques of these two valuation methods are similar. There are 16% of respondents disagree with the statement because the sales comparison approach is applied on the properties located nearby the boundary area among different countries while comparison method is just applied in Malaysia. Cost Approach and Cost Method: 98% of the respondents believe that the cost method can be replaces by cost approach. They assume that there are no potential buyer in real property will pay more for a property than the cost of buying a similar land and construct a similar building on it. Property consultants are fully agreed with the statement because the valuation processes and their valuation techniques of these two methods is the same. The market value of subject property is determined through summation of the land value and the building cost including any improvement value and depreciated value. The literature review has shown that these two methods are suitable for all type of property and they are the most reliable valuation methods for new or near-new property. This is because these valuation methods apply in the valuation of an older property, estimated depreciation on the construction cost for a new building need to be included. Income Approach and Investment Method: There are 62% of the respondents believe that the investment method can be replaced by income approach because these two valuation methods have the same valuation process and similar valuation technique. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of investment method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Gross Income Multiplier Technique. These two valuation techniques are the same. The market value of subject property is assessed by multiply the gross income multiplier with the gross income of the subject property. The gross income multiplier is derived by divide the transacted market value of similar comparable properties on the gross potential income. In 30% of the respondents who are property consultants, majority of 18% property consultants disagree with the statement. They believe that the differentiated this valuation technique into a unit valuation method such as investment method in Malaysia is better than the income approach built-up of three valuation techniques because it is used for the valuation of office buildings, shop lots and retails in shopping complex. These types of properties collect rentals from tenants as the main income stream. Income Approach and Profit Method: There are 66% of the respondents believe that the profit method can be replaced by income approach because these two valuation methods have the same valuation process and similar valuation technique. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of profit method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Capitalization Rate Technique. These two valuation techniques are the same. The market value of subject property is determined by multiplying the net operating income with capitalization rate. The capitalization rate is derived by divide the transacted market value of similar comparable properties on the gross potential income determined through the analysis of recent comparable sales. In the 30% of respondents who are property consultants, majority of 16% of them are disagreed with the statement. They believe that the differentiated this valuation technique into a unit valuation method such as profit method in Malaysia is better than the income approach built-up of three valuation techniques because it is used for the valuation of business property such as theme park, golf course, cinema, hotel etc. These types of properties are income-producing properties with not recently transacted. Income Approach and Residual Method: There are 60% of the respondents believe that the residual method can be replaced by income approach because these two valuation methods have the same valuation process and similar valuation technique. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of residual method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Discounted Cash Flow Technique. These two valuation techniques are the same. The market value of subject property is determined by the capitalized the amount of discounted the prospective net future income with discounted rate. The Discounted Rate is derived by estimating the risk involved through analyzing the historical data. In the 30% of respondents who are property consultants, majority of 22% of them are disagreed with the statement. They believe that the differentiated this valuation technique into a unit valuation method such as residual method in Malaysia is better than the income approach built-up of three valuation techniques because it is used for the valuation for proposed development. This valuation technique is used to justify the feasibility and viability of the proposed development. Factors that Influence the Selection of Valuation Method: There are 92% of respondents agreed with the statement while 8% of respondents disagreed. Majority of respondents believe that the factors stated above will not affect the selection of valuation methods but they are showed in their market value. The analysis result from interviews show the market value of hotel properties is higher when the hotel managements are doing well and the hotel rating is high. Chapter Three has determined the hotel managements will influence the profit margins and will influence hotel rating. Hotel property with higher rating are provides better facilities and services to satisfy customer demand. The analysis result from interviews show the different type of hotel has its own market value but market value for the hotel property with fully equipped hotel accommodations and facilities is higher. Chapter Three has determined the hotel accommodations and facilities according to the types of hotels such as world class facilities is provided in luxury hotels while part of the facilities in mid-range hotels and few of facilities in budget hotels. The Application of International Valuation Methods in the Valuation of Hotel Properties in Malaysia: There are 74% of respondents supported the application of International Valuation Methods in the Valuation of Hotel Properties in Malaysia. They believe that the international valuation methods are suitable for the valuation of hotel property because the trend of hotel industry is internationalized. Chapter Three has determined hotel industry in Malaysia is growing and tourism ministry has encouraged investors enter hotel industry that provides higher investment potential in property market. Chapter Two has reviewed that the analysis results of in comparison of International Valuation Methods and Malaysia Valuation Methods shows they have the same valuation processes and similar valuation techniques. There are 26% of respondents disagreed with the statement. They believe that the hotel properties located in Malaysia have no need of International Valuation Methods for the valuation since Malaysia Valuation Methods are functioning well to determine the market value of hotel properties. The Sequence of Influence Factors that Affect the Market Value of Hotel Properties: Types of Hotels: There are 44% of respondents selected the types of hotels as the smaller influence factor that affects the market value of hotel properties. Based on their opinions, different types of hotels are located at different location and provided with different facilities that will influence the market value of subject property. Chapter Three has determined the different types of hotels provide hotel facilities differently according to the types of hotels such as luxury hotels provided fully equipped world class facilities while part of facilities in mid-range hotels and few of facilities in budget hotels. Besides, Chapter 3 has reviewed the different types of hotels located differently. Luxury hotels are located in popular tourist destinations surrounded by shopping areas, business district and world- famous landmarks. Mid-range hotels are located near to the business and shopping district while Budget hotels are located far from tourism hotspots that required certain travelling distance. Hotel Ratings: There are 40% of respondents selected hotel ratings as the bigger influence factors that affect the market value of hotel properties. Based on their opinions, hotel properties with higher rating contain higher market value because hotel properties with high rating have higher profit margin. Chapter 3 has determined hotels are rated through star classification system based on the facilities and services provided. Hotel properties with a higher rating have provided the best accommodations and services that customers are content for their staying. The analysis result from interviews shows the 40% of respondents believe that hotel rating is a system that shows the performance in its services and accommodations provided for customers. Thus, this factor is chosen as the bigger influence in the market value of hotel property because it reflects the type of hotel properties, location and the services and accommodations of that hotel property. Hotel Managements: There are 54% of respondents selected hotel managements as the biggest influence factor that affects the market value of hotel properties. They believe that good hotel managements have the highest potential to bring the highest satisfaction of customers needs. Chapter Three has determined that hotel managements play an important role that bring a track in develop plans to achieve the profit targets through efficient use of human resource and technology. Hotel managements have been computerized in hotel accommodations and services management, administration management, working capital management, and employee benefit programs. Based on the selection by property consultants, there is a shape of V from the smallest influence towards the biggest influence. 8% of property consultants select it as the smallest influence factor. They believe that the effect of this factor is not significant because the market value of hotel properties with good management that located far from the tourist hotspot are lower than hotel properties with poor management that located near the tourist hotpot. Hotel Accommodations: There are 50% of respondents selected hotel accommodations as the smallest influence factor that affects the market value of hotel properties. They believe that the accommodations are provided in according to the types of hotel properties. Chapter Three has reviewed the accommodations for hotels are classified into full-service and limited services that are considered by their customers. Hotels with limited-services provide part of facilities and moderate accommodations that they targeted their customers are who willing to have lower room prices while full-services hotels provide various facilities and higher class accommodations. The analysis result from interviews shows the 50% of respondents believe that different class accommodations are provided by different types of hotels in according to different hotel development plans. This factor is chosen as the smallest influence in the market value of hotel property because it is according to the type of hotel properties, location and hotel management. The Sequence of the Factors that Affect The Valuation of Hotel Properties: From the selection of the smallest influence factors affects the market value of hotel properties, there are 50% of respondents selected hotel accommodations because they believe that the accommodations are provided in according to the types of hotel properties. From the selection of the smaller influence factors affects the market value of hotel properties, there are 44% of respondents selected the types of hotels because they believe that different types of hotels are located at different location. From the selection of the bigger influence factors that affect the market value of hotel properties, there are 40% of respondents selected hotel ratings because they believe hotel ratings have reflects the type of hotel properties, location, services and accommodations provided in that hotel property. From the selection of the biggest influence factors that affects the market value of hotel properties, there are 54% of respondents selected hotel managements. They believe that good hotel managements have the highest potential to bring the highest satisfaction of customers needs. Thus, the sequence from the smallest influence factor to the biggest influence factor that affect the market value of hotel properties is hotel accommodations, types of hotels, hotel ratings and hotel managements. The Selection of The Best Valuation Method for The Valuation of Hotel Properties: The Condition of Hotel Property: Fully-Built Hotel Property: This is a condition where fully-built hotel properties undergo valuation process to determine the market value of those hotel properties to be transacted. There are 66% of respondents who select profit method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 52% of respondents select income approach as the best International Valuation Method because they believe that these two valuation method have included the value of profit potentiality or service potential. Based on their experience, the transaction of hotel properties mostly are built-operate transfer. There are 34% of respondents who select cost method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 46% of respondents select cost approach as the best International Valuation Method. The analysis result shows that there are transactions where the owner would like to disposal his hotel properties. However, this situation is less than built-operate-transfer. Under-Construction Hotel Property: This is a condition where under-construction hotel properties undergo valuation process to determine the market value of those hotel properties to be transacted. There are 60% of respondents who select residual method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 66% of respondents select income approach as the best International Valuation Method because they believe that these two valuation methods are used because they can justify the future profitability for those under-construction hotel properties. There are 24% of respondents who select cost method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 34% of respondents select cost approach as the best International Valuation Method. Based on their experience, there are disposal of under-construction hotel properties due to financial problem of that proposed developer. However, that situation is less. These two valuation methods are mostly used for the purpose of fire insurance. Proposed Hotel Property: This is a condition where proposed hotel developments undergo valuation process to determine the market value of those hotel properties to be transacted. There are 88% of respondents who select residual method as the best Malaysia Valuation Method while there are 94% of respondents select income approach as the best International Valuation Method because they believe that the market value of hotel properties determine by these two valuation method have considered development potential with undergo the determination of feasibility and viability of that proposed development. Chapter Two has reviewed that the valuation technique of residual method is similar to one of the valuation techniques in income approach which is named Discounted Cash Flow Technique. The prospective income generated apply in valuation process are estimated based on the principle of highest and best use through analyzing by comparable data. The Purpose of Hotel Valuation: Lending Purposed: Chapter Three has determined that valuation of hotel properties for lending purpose is required by the banks and other financial institutions for loan security, mortgages or debentures used for hotel development. The market value of charged property is determined with undergo market study and feasibility study to ascertain the level of demand of that subject property and the viability of that proposed project. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 86% of respondents selected residual method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 92% of respondents selected income approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods undergo discounted cash flow technique that the market value of hotel properties has involve development potential after the feasibility and viability of that proposed development is determined. Fire Insurance: Chapter Three has determined valuation of hotel properties for fire insurance purpose is needed for fire insurance contract and policy or renewal of fire insurance contract and new policy. The market value of subject property that determined in this valuation is the reinstatement cost for a new. It may be valued for a new policy or a renewal for that fire insurance contract. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 82% of respondents selected cost method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 84% of respondents selected cost approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods determined the market value of property by the replacement value through analyzing the cost of the land and building. They are the best valuation method to determine the property value as new. Financial Reporting: Chapter Three has determined valuation of hotel properties for financial reporting purpose requires companies show their balance sheets of the subject property held under investment or business. The market value of subject property has included the profit potentiality or service potential. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 56% of respondents selected profit method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 72% of respondents selected income approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods determined the market value of subject property is determined by multiplying the net operating income with capitalization rate from the analysis from the balance sheets. They are suitable these type of business properties which are not recently transacted such as theme park, golf course, cinema, hotel etc. Sales and Purchase: Chapter Three has determined valuation of hotel properties for sale and purchase purpose requires companies show their balance sheets of the subject property held under investment or business. The market value of subject property has included the profit potentiality or service potential. The analysis result for the best Malaysia Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties on lending purpose, there are 82% of respondents selected cost method. The analysis result for the best international Valuation Method in the valuation of hotel properties, there are 78% of respondents selected cost approach. From their opinion, these two valuation methods determined the market value of subject property is determined by multiplying the net operating income with capitalization rate from the analysis from the balance sheets. They are suitable these type of business properties which are not recently transacted such as theme park, golf course, cinema, hotel etc. Submission for Securities Commission: Compulsory Acquisition: Rating Valuation: The Business Proposal of Hotel Development: Joint-Venture: Management Contract: Corporation: The Selection of The Best International Valuation Method: The Selection of The Best Malaysia Valuation Method: The Comparison between The Best International Valuation Method and The Best Malaysia Valuation Standard:

Free College Admissions Essays: Most Influential Event in My Life :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions: Most Influential Event in My Life    26th of January. Republic Day of India.    Bhuj, home to my aunt and the place where I have been spending my holidays for the past 10 years or so. It was 8:55 in the morning. Everyone was ready for breakfast except me. I was always late on the dining table and often made mom angry. But that day mom didn’t get angry. Wondering why ? Bhuj and neighboring places had just witnessed a powerful earthquake that rocked the whole of gujarat. The word earthquake always evoked something-but that something was never akin to terror. On the other hand, it was something right out of a Bollywood potboiler. But......but not this time. I thought the earth had cracked open and was about to swallow me. It was the most horrifying experience of my life. All of us immediately rushed out of the house. I saw all my neighbours running away. We were not just nervous, we were frightened. I saw some three, four persons dead on the way. We could not see a thing because the air was full of dust. Houses were collapsing, and at one time it was so dark, so dark.........My father described it correctly. He said it was like a huge plane landing right on your head. First time in my life I was dragged face to face with reality, ironically the only reality of life that is death ! Isn't it incredible how with a tiny nudge, nature can annihilate a whole town ! A prospering state like Gujrat was ruthlessly kicked and trampled upon by the same affectionate mother nature that only showered bounty so far. Aren't we humans really powerful enough to have complete control on the place we live? Perhaps the answer is NO. When Nature goes beserk we just make way. Mysterious are the ways how nature can Toy with us. Soon enough rumours started to spread about the aftermath of the earthquake. More scary than the tremors were the rumours about them. They told us, the sun will rise tomorrow and the beams will be so strong that everything will burn down. And the tales keep spinning. The suspense, on the quake keeps building like a poltergeist in horror movies...and the people keep waiting when it will finally come and finish everything and they could start re-buil ding again.

Galactosemia :: essays research papers

Galactosemia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Galactosemia is a genetically inherited metabolic disorder. This disorder leaves the disabled with a partial or complete lack of the enzyme Galactose – 1 – Phosphate Uridyl Transferase (GALT). This enzyme is found in the bloodstream and it is used for breaking down the sugar galactose. This disorder comes in two different variations. Though there is more than one type, it is still rare, having only 1 in 80,000 births being affected by the disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Classic Galactosemia is the first and more common form of the disorder. This is the form when the affected has a complete loss of the enzyme. Both parents must contribute a galactosemic gene for a child to receive this very deadly form of the disorder. Because the body has none of the enzyme needed to turn galactose into glucose an accumulation occurs that is like a poison and is highly fatal. Classic Galactosemia is treatable through a strict diet of absolutely no lactose or galactose. Some common foods containing these are dairy products, legumes, breast milk, and many other foods. A test for galactosemia is done at the time of birth with other tests. If left untreated 75% of infants will die. Some effects of having classic galactosemia include: an enlarged liver, kidney failure, cataract, and brain damage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Duarte Galactosemia is the second form. This form is when there is only a partial loss of the enzyme. The activity is usually 25%-50% that of a normal child. A child can get this form of galactosemia by inheriting a classic galactosemia gene from one parent and a duarte gene from the other. Much like classic galactosemia, duarte is found through a test done soon after birth. A strict diet is not needed for this form of the disorder. Instead a diet, it is recommended that lactose be slowly introduced untill normal consumption is accepted by the body. Because the affected can still process the foods, just not as well as a fully functional body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A person with no galactosemia receives two normal genes for production of the GALT enzyme in the bloodstream. This persons genotype is N/N and they have normal fully functioning enzyme activity. A carrier of classic galactosemia inheriets one affected gene and one non, this persons genotype is G/N. This person has less than normal enzyme activity, but nothing that requires a diet or medical treatment. A classic galactosemic has two classic galactosemia genes.

Full Summary of the Goal

Full Summary of The Goal Chapter 1 The Goal by Eliyahu M. Goldratt is about a man named Alex Rogo and his quest of knowledge to make his company once again profitable. The first chapter begins with Alex coming into work only to notice someone is parked in his spot. He then realizes that the only person who would do this is Bill Peach who is the division’s vice president. Once he is in the office he finds out that Peach is there to figure out the status of the order number 41427 which is seven weeks late.Then once Rogo and Peach start talking; Peach informs Rogo that his company is loosing money. Next Peach states that he only has three months to turn the company around. Rogo then goes back to the issue at hand number 41427. Chapter 2 Rogo then heads home that afternoon to get something to eat. He meets his wife in the living room. She wants to go out to get something to eat with him, but he tells her he can’t because his problems at the plant he has to get right back. T hey get into an argument and she cries then he consoles her and tells her he will be back later that night.Once he gets back to the machine that he learned was down before he left he talks to someone in the plant asking if they are going to make the order and the plant worker said â€Å"maybe. † At 11 pm the order leaves the dock to be shipped they sigh in relief. He leaves work to get a bite to eat with a plant worker to celebrate. Then Rogo remembers that his plant is loosing money and contemplates why. His efficiencies are good but he can not put his finger on what is causing the problem. Chapter 3 He wakes up the next morning and has to go to a meeting that Peach has called, but will not tell anyone what it is about.On his way to the elevator he begins to talk to Nathan Selwin a co-worker. Nathan begins to tell him quietly that the whole division is going to go down if Peach doesn’t do something about it. During the meeting Rogo decides he should start paying atten tion so he reaches for a pen, but instead he pulls out a cigar. He doesn’t smoke anymore so he wonders where it came from, and then he remembers! Chapter 4 It was two weeks ago at the airport he recognized his old friend who was a physicist, Jonah. They begin to talk and catch up with what each other are doing these days.Rogo tells Jonah that he is a plant manager for UniCo and Jonah seems to be more interested in that. They begin to talk about the robots that were recently installed in the plant. Rogo tells Jonah that the robots have increased plant productivity, but after Jonah asks a few questions Jonah disagrees. Jonah tells Rogo he is not running as efficient of a plant as he thinks he is. Jonah tells him to think about what the goal of his plant is before he leaves. Chapter 5 Rogo is still in the meeting thinking it is a waste of time and wonders why he is still there. Rogo bails on the meeting during the break to go back to the plant, but passes it up.He instead gets f ood and goes sit on a hill and thinks about what Jonah told him two weeks ago. After pondering a few different things he comes to the conclusion that making money is the goal of the company. Chapter 6 Rogo finally returns to the plant at 4:30 that evening. In his office he inquires Lou the plant’s controller about the goal of the plant. Lou agrees that it is to make money. They continue to talk about the measurements that are used to tell if a company is making money. He finally realizes how late it is at work and calls his wife and they get into an argument again.Rogo finishes talking to his night time manager then heads to the house. Chapter 7 He gets home to meet his daughter still up to show him her report card which was all A’s. He puts her to bed then begins to think about the business again. He knows he only has a little time to turn things around, but he needs to know so much more. This is when he decides he needs to talk to Jonah again. Chapter 8 Once he gets to work in the morning he finds out Peach is on the phone. Peach chews him out for walking out on the meeting then continues to keep him in meetings on the phone for the rest of the day.He decides to go to his mother’s house to look for his old contact book to try and track down Jonah. He finally gets a hold of Jonah after talking to many other people. Jonah then gives Rogo 3 measurements with specific definitions to calculate the goal. The conversation gets cut short again and he leaves Rogo to figure out how to define the measurements in terms of his plant. Chapter 9 The next morning he gets to work late and goes straight to Lou’s office to discuss about the new figures Jonah has given him. They then bring in the Inventory manager Stacy and Bob the supervisor in the plant to discuss more about the figures.They figure out a few things are wrong according to the goal and then Rogo decides to discuss what he has been talking to Jonah about. Chapter 10 Once he has cleare d the air about Jonah and explained to him everything that they have talked about they start again. They begin to compare the figures that Jonah gave him to their own company. He tells the workers about how he only has three months to get the plant to make money. They then decide to call Jonah again. Rogo and Jonah decide to meet in New York. Chapter 11 The next morning he meets up with Jonah in the hotel in New York.They begin to talk about the goal and the problems at the plant again. The next two figures that Jonah tells him about are statistical fluctuations and dependent events. He explains how these affect his plant the runs out of time again and has to leave. Chapter 12 He returns home from New York to find his wife at home who he has been calling like crazy with no answer. They once again get into a heated argument to once again resolve it. Rogo promises to spend the weekend with his wife, but has to return to the plant for the time being. Chapter 13 Saturday morning he wake s up to see his son dress in a Boy Scout uniform.He remembered that he had promised to go on an overnight hike with him. The troop leader was sick so Rogo had to lead the troops. During the hike he notices the line spreading and closing and relates that to statistical fluctuations and then states that the dependent events of each scout cause them. Chapter 14 The troops decide it is time to stop for lunch. During lunch Rogo makes a game up to experiment with statistical fluctuations. He has the boys play it and he keeps record. He uses this to simulate the assembly line in his plant. Chapter 15 They continue the hike Rogo still comparing it to the plant.He decides to then change the leader to Herbie who is the slowest kid in the group. He thinks this will cut down the fluctuations in the group. Then they finally get to the campsite and set up camp. Chapter 16 Rogo and his son get home about 4:30 Sunday evening only to find an empty house and a letter from his wife that she had left h im. He goes to pick up his daughter from his mothers house where his wife left her and then calls around to find where his wife is, but can not find her. Chapter 17 Rogo starts work on Monday morning to find out that Hilton has left a message.He needs his 100 parts by the evening, but Rogo doesn’t think he can do it. Then Rogo gets the crew together and starts talking about what he has learned during the Boy Scout trip. They are hesitant to believe him, but he ends up proving himself using the process of the Hilton order as an example. Chapter 18 The next day everyone is already in his office when he gets to work. They are ready to discuss the next step, but they do not know where to go from here. So they naturally decide to call Jonah. Jonah then tells them about bottlenecks and non-bottle necks.The conversation is quickly ended again then their only choice is to find these in their plant. They find out that their newest machine the NCX-10 is a bottle neck for the plant and also the furnace. Chapter 19 Rogo talks to Jonah yet again, but this time Jonah decides to come to Rogo’s plant. They tour the plant with Jonah and look at all the bottlenecks of the plant. Jonah gives suggestions on how to fix their bottlenecks to keep up with demand. He also shows them how they were calculating the cost per part of the bottlenecks wrong. Chapter 20 The group meets again in the morning.They have a discussion about what actions are going to be taken with the bottlenecks. They decide on a few things to start implementing in the plant. While these things are happening Rogo goes to talk to his wife which he found out is at her parent’s house. Chapter 21 Rogo gets home and decides to call his wife a make a date for Saturday and she is very happy to agree. He then returns to the plant and meets back up with the regular group. They then decide to implement a tagging system which will let the employees which parts have priority. Then Saturday he takes his wif e on a date. Chapter 22Rogo returns to work to find out that their plan is slowly improving their production. They are catching up on their late work orders. But, it’s not enough so he asks for more suggestions by the Wednesday meeting. On Wednesday Bob shows up to the plant with an old machine used to do what the NCX-10 does to take some of the load off. Chapter 23 Rogo is going on many dates with his wife these days and they are getting along a lot better. In the plant he finds out more about hold ups on the bottlenecks and solutions for them. They keep implementing these new solutions which improve the plants productivity.Chapter 24 The group decides to celebrate due to the new record they have set in orders delivered for the month. They go out and Stacey drives him home only to find his wife who thinks he is cheating on her, she takes off again. The next day at the plant Rogo is informed that new bottlenecks are forming throughout the plant. Rogo and his wife make up and he calls Jonah to get advise again only for him to say he needs another look. Chapter 25 Rogo picks up Jonah again from the airport for him to investigate yet another problem that the company is having with the bottlenecks.They suspect that there is another bottleneck forming in the plant, but Jonah thinks otherwise. Jonah explains how bottlenecks feed non-bottlenecks and vice versa and that is where their problem lies. Chapter 26 At home again Rogo is thinking about how to apply what he has learned from Jonah. His children asked if they can help and they do in fact more than they think. The group got together with Jonah and devised a new schedule that would predict when items would be finished and when some needed to be released. Then Rogo brings Jonah back to the airport. Chapter 27Rogo is in a meeting with Bill Peach and others from UniCo when they say that his division is the only one profiting now. He meets with Bill in the office one on one and they decide that if Rogo raises his bottom line 15% more than Bill will not shut him down next month. He decides to go to visit his wife and kids since he has not seen them in a while. They get in another argument about their marriage and then make up. Chapter 28 He gets home only to the phone ringing, its Jonah; he says that he will not be able to talk to Rogo for a few weeks so he needs to talk to him now.Jonah suggests cutting the batch sizes in half. They discuss this suggestion over a nice meal. Rogo then has a meeting with Johnny johns telling him how much faster he can produce products and he needs more contracts. Chapter 29 Rogo wakes up in the middle of the night after a nightmare all he can think about it the plant and how the figures make it look like cost is going up when actually they are doing the opposite. Lou comes in his office the next morning saying he can solve the cost problem to buy them a few months, but it’s not valid according to the accounting department so it would be a risk.Jons calls him back with an offer to do 1000 model 12’s in 2 weeks, but Rogo decides that it is impossible, but they could do 250 a week for 4 weeks and they get the account. Chapter 30 At the beginning of the new month they are having their meeting and Lou comes in with the figures and states that they have hit the 15% mark plus a little more. Rogo goes away for two days and comes back to find they are shooting a TV program about their robots. He slips up about the new batch sizes and the figures to Hilton and begins to get audited by the company. During the meeting a helicopter shows up its Mr.Burnside who had the big order he wanted to congratulate everyone in the plan for doing such a great job. After all this he decides to go visit his wife and they decide to get back together. Chapter 31 The meeting is held to determine whether or not Rogo’s plant was going to be shut down. In the meeting Hilton does not listen to what Rogo has to say and condemns his plant. Rogo out of a last hope goes to Peaches office and tries to convince him when Peach had already made up his mind that it was going to stay. Also, Rogo was going to get a promotion to Peaches position and Peach was moving up also.Chapter 32 Rogo and his wife sit down at dinner to celebrate his promotion. They talk about how he worked hard with Jonah’s help, but they couldn’t help but wonder why he couldn’t do it on his own; it all seemed like common sense. Chapter 33 Rogo goes back to his old plant in his new position. He first talks to Lou, then Bob, next Stacey, and last Ralph. One by one he is giving them promotions. Chapter 34 The group once again gets together. This time it is different though now they are talking about how they are going to take action toward the whole division instead of one plant. Chapter 35They continue to discuss the topic at hand this time comparing it to the scientist from history, Mendeleev. Then the goes home to talk to his wife who has been reading Socrates. Chapter 36 They meet once again trying to put what they did in the plant to rules they can follow. They develop a five step process of evaluating and fixing problems in the divisions. Chapter 37 They continue to make changes and developments to the rules that they have made getting them ready for action. Chapter 38 Rogo is asking Johnny for more sales for his plant to see if everything they implemented is working correctly.They now decide to expand their market to Europe at a cost lower than they are selling here. Chapter 39 Rogo gets a call from Peach to discuss his new actions and to discuss the fact that he knew Hilton’s plant was going to lose its bottom line. He also can not understand how Rogo’s system works so he has him come down to teach him. Chapter 40 They all go to head quarters to tackle the issue at hand. Rogo figures out he is on his own now. He can’t ask for Jonah’s help or else he would never be able to go through the t hinking process for himself.